HLD

High-Level Design

Eleven short notes — simple English, examples, quick revision on every page.

In simple words: HLD covers how large systems handle traffic, data, and failures. Example: a photo app uses storage, a queue for processing, and a CDN for delivery.

1. Message Queues
Producers, consumers, acknowledgements, Kafka vs SQS
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2. Load Balancing
L4/L7, algorithms, health checks, stickiness
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3. Caching Strategies
Cache-aside, eviction, stampede, Redis
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4. Database Scaling
SQL vs NoSQL, replicas, sharding, indexes
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5. CAP & Consistency
CP vs AP, quorums, consistency models
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6. API & Rate Limiting
REST, gateway, token bucket, idempotency
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7. Microservices
Boundaries, sync/async, circuit breaker
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8. CDN & Content Delivery
Edge caching, headers, invalidation
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9. Consistent Hashing
Hash ring, vnodes, distributed caches
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10. Saga Pattern
Distributed transactions, compensation, outbox
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11. News Feed Design
Full Twitter-style system design walkthrough
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High-Level Design

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